Value

Takes a node of type Value and is the setting for an emission rate.
Although this node is optional, you probably want to use it because otherwise the rate is automatically set to 1.0.
Limit

Takes a node of type Value and is the setting for limiting the resulting value of the emission.
For example if you are using a grid emitter to emit smoke into a grid channel and you don't want the values to ever get bigger than a certain amount
you would set a limit within the linked Value node here. This node is optional. The 'Mode' must be set to 'Limit'.
Duration

Takes a duration node that defines how long the node operates that is using these emission settings. This node is optional.
Value is vector

Follows
Value

Follows
Interpolated emission

Follows
Mode

Provides any emitter with informatin about how the values should be written (e.g. into a scalar channel).
Rate
Emitted values are added.
Sety
Emitted values are overwriting old channel values.
Limit
Emitted values are added but use the linked limit.
Shot

Shot will enforce that the emitter using these settings will emit the values directly and not time integrated (not based on the current sub time step).
So deactivated the values are emitted per second and if activated per frame.
Falloff

This is a falloff that can be sampled by the emitter.
For example a grid emitter will use its defined Volume and the falloff range is from the inside to the surface of the volume.
None
No falloff is used.
Linear
A linear falloff is used.
Custom
Allows a user-defined falloff being used. Once set, a spline graph (Temporal Intensity) unhides in the node's attributes and can be used to define the falloff.
Temporal Strength

Only available if 'Falloff' is set to 'Custom'.
Allows to define a custom falloff curve.